![]() The hogging is a natural result of the keel material attempting to minimize internal stress. Conversely, midships has more buoyancy than structural weight, so the middle is pressed up. Because the ends have a higher structural weight to buoyancy, they tend to sag. It is caused by having the vessel too light on her lines. Hog is the curvature of the ship's keel, which occurs when weight and buoyancy factors cause the ship's bow and stern to sag and forces the keel to rise in the middle. Timber is good in tension and good in perpendicular shear, a rare loading failure. When the hull is sagging, the keel goes into tension. Timber, or a series of or timbers joined together, extending along the center of the bottom of a ship from stem to stern and often projecting below the bottom, to which the frames and hull plating are attached. The most prominent weakness in wooden hulls is the lack of longitudinal rigidity. With the introduction of iron into ship construction, the business of shipbuilding "industrialized." Wooden ship building was considered more of an art form than iron ship building, with years ofĪpprenticeship needed to learn the necessary skills of working and shaping large timbers. It was said that a sailor from the Spanish Armada of 1588 transported suddenly to the first half of the 19th Century, would be instantly familiar with the ship and could take up his duties with a minimum of delay. ![]() Wooden ships had the advantage of being cheaper to build than iron ships.Ĭonstruction of wooden sailing ships remained relatively uniform over several centuries. It was several years before an economical way to process iron strong enough for the entire construction could be found. Iron was first used as framing to reinforce ships so that they could be used to ram their opponents as well as fire on them. Shipbuilders used iron first as framing and then as a material for the entire ship.
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